On my journey from Delft to Design Museum Den Bosch, I surpassed a variety of Dutch Design landmarks. The 30 by 30-centimetre street tiles, the omni-present ‘capitole’ trashcan from Pruyser, and of course the blue and yellow trains designed by Dumbar. Would I encounter these again during this exhibit? Will I encounter the same objects in the museum, as I saw on my journey towards it?
This new exhibit focussing on design and the nation state, is the first time the museum dives into this domain and the Dutch context. Knowing the Design Museum Den Bosch and their exhibition repertoire on critical, political, and bold exhibitions this will be another grand venture.

To start, ‘Vorm & Vaderland’ as a title alone is perfectly chosen. It is an adaption on the historical slogan ‘voor volk en vaderland’ (‘For the people and the fatherland’). This slogan is intertwined with the weekly magazine of the NSB, otherwise known as the Dutch Nazi party during the second world war. Second to this, fatherland is a gendered term. After visiting the exhibit, it addresses the male undertones in the design practice of the nation state: echoing the FORM/female FOLLOWS FUNCTION/male critique of Judith Attfield1. Attfield’s critique refers to the tendency to attribute aspects of function towards men or manliness, while form refers to the practice of women giving form or even female form features.
Therefore, the title of the exhibition is not just a case of alliteration. It is a carefully constructed title, which layers the Nazi past and the design of their nationalist propaganda, onto the male tendencies in the subject at hand. Sadly, this carefully constructed title cannot be translated without losing the layers it encompasses. Therefore, we are about to enter the ‘Designing the nation state’ exhibit.
Entering the exhibition, curated by Tomas van den Heuvel, one is met with an intimate setting and a clear theoretical starting point. The exhibition starts by introducing the viewer to the relationship between design and the formation of a national identity. The overall exhibit is framed around six layers, where every layer in the exhibition design is emphasized through an accentuating colour, and distinct décor style. The six layers are (in order of appearance): Drawing the borders, Citizens and patriots, Design of the people, The legitimate state, States of the imagination, and Consuming the Fatherland. One follows a clear route through the exhibit, where every new chapter becomes bigger, brighter, and bolder in their object reflections. It is an exhibition on the cutting edge of today’s discourse serving fresh perspectives in the curation of objects. I will focus on the specific sections of Drawing the borders and The legitimate state. All sections can be explored online at https://designmuseum.nl/de-verdieping/vorm-en-vaderland/.
The first section ‘Drawing the borders’ focusses on the banality of borders. This is immediately apparent through the encounter with boundary stones, historic maps, and border walls. Drawing refers to the actual drawing of maps, to the imaginary construction of the state. We are shown the design of actual borders through the photographs of ‘Eight ways to build a border wall’ by Josh Haner: the eight prototypes of Trump’s ‘big beautiful border’ show, ‘designed’ visions of the USA as an impenetrable castle, or imagining Mexico as a prison next door. This absurd and even humoristic exposé of the border wall prototype echoes the banality of borders as an artefact. Furthermore, the exhibit also discusses ‘border technologies’ such as the passport. The think-piece ‘world-passport’ by Garry Davis makes a return, which I have already seen many times in similar exhibitions such as Phoenix Rotterdam and their exhibition on immigration. Much more interesting are the multitude of historic documents showing the predecessor to the contemporary design of the passport.

One of the most interesting artefacts in this section is the Colourful Russian schoolbook map propagating annexed territory as ‘New-Russia’, juxtaposed to the 603,628 km² Black T-shirt from the ‘I stand with Ukraine’ product line. This exemplary curation and positioning of objects immediately shows where this exhibit shines the most: multi-modal objects positioned together to show that nationalism manifests in almost every discipline of design. It does so without losing or limiting political engagement and nuance in these geopolitical tensions. It is a well-formulated introduction to the concept of design and national identity for the general public, as well as a fresh and contemporary set of curated objects for professionals.

The third section ‘The legitimate state’ focuses on legitimization tactics through the design of objects. Centre stage is quite literally vexillology, the study of flags, positioned on a custom podium with flagpoles and flag prototypes at the center of the room. These design sketches of state flags are especially interesting. They give different options on what could have been, as well as insight into the other iconography a country wanted to make use of. Especially, the Israeli flag prototypes offer an insight into the active process of designing legitimacy as a state: Many different variants and iterations show us what could have been the flag, if it was ever chosen. Showing us the malleability of the flag as a medium for national identity. However, a small point of critique is the presentation. The size of these sketches are rather small, especially in contrast to the size of the stages they are installed upon.
An interesting aspect of the national identity discourse I had not thought about was the ‘diplomatic gift’: A category of objects that does not only represent the maker and country of origin, but also the recognition for the country of the receiver. Various gifts reflect the attitude of various countries towards other in their fight to legitimize and recognize their nation. From gifts intended for the representatives of the German Democratic Republic, to a golden Palestine brooch showing the historic map and flag etched into it.

The only discipline that I find missing in the whole exhibit is interior design. Architecture has played a major role in the design of national identity, which is acknowledged very well throughout the exhibition. Discussing the design of parliament buildings through building diagrams, floor plans, and models filling the space. From diagrams of the Hungarian parliament in Budapest, to a scale model showing an alternative concept for the Peace Palace in The Hague. Only clear reflections on the interior and their design are missing. Works such as parliament and their proposed interior typologies of parliaments by XML architects could have filled this void. A missed opportunity to create the complete gesamt-experience, to touch upon every design discipline.
At the end, we can even say our goodbyes to pictures of Rob Jetten and Péter Magyar. Reminding us, that this exhibit is not something history but actually important for today and tomorrow. As a final test at the end of the exhibit we are invited to create our own passport, serving as a test to see if we understood it all.
To conclude, the Vorm & Vaderland exhibit touches upon almost all design disciplines and their role in the creation of a national identity and material nation state. It is far more than yet another Dutch design canon filled with tiles, trashcans, and trains. Surpassing simple canonical overviews while critiquing them nonetheless. It is a well-balanced exhibition that introduces the topic for a broad audience: showcasing not only the end product, but the predecessors of certain border technologies which form our products to this day. Doing so with a certain nuance, flair, and build-up that is often hard to get right. For professionals it serves as a fresh curation of objects from every design discipline. It is an exhibition proven to be on the cutting edge of today’s discourse, at a time when the reflection on design and the nation state is needed the most.
References:
Attfield, Judy, and John A. Walker. “FORM/Female FOLLOWS FUNCTION/Male: Feminist Critiques of Design.” In Design History and the History of Design, 1st ed. Pluto Press, 1989. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18mvngc.15.
Fallan, Kjetil, and Grace Lees-Maffei. “Real Imagined Communities: National Narratives and the Globalization of Design History.” Design Issues 32, no. 1 (2016): 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1162/DESI_a_00360.
Author:
Nathan Douenburg MSc. MA.
Independent design researcher / vraagteken design
Delft, The Netherlands
Email: Nathan@vraagtekendesign.nl
Website: www.vraagtekendesign.nl





























































